Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14279/19280
Title: | Image annotation: the effects of content, lexicon and annotation method | Authors: | Theodosiou, Zenonas Tsapatsoulis, Nicolas |
Major Field of Science: | Natural Sciences | Field Category: | Computer and Information Sciences | Keywords: | Annotation quality;Crowdsourcing;Image annotation;Manual annotation | Issue Date: | Sep-2020 | Source: | International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval, 2020, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 191–203 | Volume: | 9 | Issue: | 3 | Start page: | 191 | End page: | 203 | Journal: | International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval | Abstract: | Image annotation is the process of assigning metadata to images, allowing effective retrieval by text-based search techniques. Despite the lots of efforts in automatic multimedia analysis, automatic semantic annotation of multimedia is still inefficient due to the problems in modeling high-level semantic terms. In this paper, we examine the factors affecting the quality of annotations collected through crowdsourcing platforms. An image dataset was manually annotated utilizing: (1) a vocabulary consists of preselected set of keywords, (2) an hierarchical vocabulary and (3) free keywords. The results show that the annotation quality is affected by the image content itself and the used lexicon. As we expected while annotation using the hierarchical vocabulary is more representative, the use of free keywords leads to increased invalid annotation. Finally, it is shown that images requiring annotations that are not directly related to their content (i.e., annotation using abstract concepts) lead to accrue annotator inconsistency revealing in that way the difficulty in annotating such kind of images is not limited to automatic annotation, but it is a generic problem of annotation. | URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14279/19280 | ISSN: | 2192662X | DOI: | 10.1007/s13735-020-00193-z | Rights: | © Springer | Type: | Article | Affiliation : | Research Center on Interactive Media, Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies Cyprus University of Technology |
Publication Type: | Peer Reviewed |
Appears in Collections: | Άρθρα/Articles |
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