Πλαστική παραμόρφωση και μορφοποίηση μετάλλων / εφαρμογή στη βαθιά κοιλάνση

Abstract

The following thesis analyzes one of the most important topics of the metal metallurgy which has to do with the metal plastic deformation and particularly, it describes in detail the metal Deep Drawing processes. In the first chapter, it explains how the different forces acting on the metal structure produce different kinds of stresses, that they affect the metal΄ s behavior and atomic structure, forcing the metal on elastic or plastic elongations. The Hook΄ s law is analyzed and the behavior of ductile and brittle materials is introduced. The second chapter describes the different types of mild steels and how their plastic deformation in room temperature, is affecting their atomic structure. The different methods of plastic deformation of mild steel are briefly explained and the Erricsen cupping test for the determination of the material΄ s ductility, is accurately described. In the third chapter, a description is given for the different ways of metal heat treatment. It gives information about the Annealing, the Tempering and the Hardening of mild steel and how these affect its atomic structure. The fourth chapter deals with the deferent stages which are followed during a deep drawing process and especially when producing a cylindrical cup. It analyzes all the parameters that influence the specific procedure and the final product, while giving all the necessary formulas for the determination of the size of the blank, the pressure needed for cutting and forming of the metal, the appropriate lubricant and all the different parameters to take into consideration, when a metal blank is deep drawn. The design of the metal product is given in detail, including all exact calculations, estimations, considerations, restrictions, suggestions, drawings and the procedure to be followed for the whole process, in order to modify a metal blank of mild steel, into a specific cylindrical cup. All the safety requirements are defined, concerning the working personnel, the machinery used in the production and the protection of the environment. Finally, conclusions are written about the behavior of mild steel in the specific deep drawing process and its plastic deformation, evaluating the design and the whole procedure for the production of the cylindrical metal cup.