Historical development of urban sanitation and wastewater management in Cyprus

Abstract

The evolution of urban sewerage and storm water drainage systems in ancient Cyprus is reviewed, based on the results of archeological studies of the 20th century. Cyprus, located at the crossroad of three continents, has assimilated various civilizations throughout its history. The effects of these influences are also present in the drainage systems. Particular attention is given to the systems from the Hellenistic and Roman periods (ca.310BC - 330 AD) although all periods until present time are investigated. The technological advances and environmental consciousness exhibited in dealing with the hygienic and functional requirements of cities were so sophisticated that can only be compared to modern urban water systems and practices developed in the second half of the 19th century in Europe and North America. Such sustainable water management practices are relevant and their potential applications are evaluated.