An outline of the 1994-1998 European inspection and maintenance study: part I-design, tests, and results of experimental methods
Journal
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
Date Issued
November 27, 2001
DOI
10.1080/10473289.2001.10464312
Abstract
This paper provides an overview and the main results
of a study aiming to evaluate current and alternative
inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs to control
emissions from in-use cars in Europe. For this purpose,
a large number of passenger cars from five countries
(France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, and the
United Kingdom) were tested according to a common
test protocol that included a variety of driving cycles
and short tests, both legislative and specifically developed
for this exercise. Evaluation of all test results was
conducted with the objective of defining effective I/M
test procedures and examining the potential of periodic
I/M programs to reduce pollutant emissions and
improve fuel economy of in-use cars. The results indicate
that the current idle test used for catalyst-equipped
cars in Europe is probably ineffective, while short
An Outline of the 1994–1998 European Inspection and
Maintenance Study: Part I—Design, Tests, and Results
of Experimental Methods
Zissis Samaras and Theodoros Zachariadis
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Robert Joumard
French National Institute for Transport and Safety Research, Bron Cedex, France
Dieter Hassel and Franz-Josef Weber
Technischer Überwachungsverein Rheinland, Cologne, Germany
Rudolf Rijkeboer
Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Delft, The Netherlands
transient loaded testing was found to offer higher potential
in environmental terms. Regarding conventional
gasoline cars, it is concluded that the idle test is sufficient,
provided that the CO cut point is reduced and
an HC test is added at high idle. Finally, the effectiveness
of the free acceleration smoke test for diesels is
questioned, while a transient cycle with continuous
opacity measurement was found to be very promising.
A companion paper further uses these results to analyze
the likely cost-effectiveness on a per-country basis
and discusses the possible effect of maintenance on
emissions.
of a study aiming to evaluate current and alternative
inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs to control
emissions from in-use cars in Europe. For this purpose,
a large number of passenger cars from five countries
(France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, and the
United Kingdom) were tested according to a common
test protocol that included a variety of driving cycles
and short tests, both legislative and specifically developed
for this exercise. Evaluation of all test results was
conducted with the objective of defining effective I/M
test procedures and examining the potential of periodic
I/M programs to reduce pollutant emissions and
improve fuel economy of in-use cars. The results indicate
that the current idle test used for catalyst-equipped
cars in Europe is probably ineffective, while short
An Outline of the 1994–1998 European Inspection and
Maintenance Study: Part I—Design, Tests, and Results
of Experimental Methods
Zissis Samaras and Theodoros Zachariadis
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Robert Joumard
French National Institute for Transport and Safety Research, Bron Cedex, France
Dieter Hassel and Franz-Josef Weber
Technischer Überwachungsverein Rheinland, Cologne, Germany
Rudolf Rijkeboer
Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Delft, The Netherlands
transient loaded testing was found to offer higher potential
in environmental terms. Regarding conventional
gasoline cars, it is concluded that the idle test is sufficient,
provided that the CO cut point is reduced and
an HC test is added at high idle. Finally, the effectiveness
of the free acceleration smoke test for diesels is
questioned, while a transient cycle with continuous
opacity measurement was found to be very promising.
A companion paper further uses these results to analyze
the likely cost-effectiveness on a per-country basis
and discusses the possible effect of maintenance on
emissions.