What kind of Democracy and what kind of Mass Media do we have today?
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Abstract
The Athenian, direct, democracy was applied evolutionarily for about 140
years (from 462 BC to 322 BC in Attica) resulting in the creation of culturefor
example, anything that is freely provided to all citizens and results in their
well-being.
In Athens, when Democracy was prevailing, justice, philosophy, theatre,
poetry, games, applied arts etc. and the principles of all sciences, were available
freely to all citizens for the first time.
The modern "representative" (or parliamentary) Democracy differs greatly
from direct Democracy. For this reason, as a practical development and an
improved version of the representative Democracy, the participatory Democracy
is preferred these days.
In the last 200 years or so with the spread of typography and the global
prevalence of the 3rd industrial revolution (electricity, electronics, telecommunications,
information technology, internet, etc.) the media has emerged
evolutionarily, which today, at the beginning of the 4th industrial re-startion
(Robotics, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, nanotechnology, Blockchain,
drones, 5G etc.) play a dominant role in people's everyday life.
In today's age, of speed, of insufficient leisure as well as tranquility, peace,
joy and happiness for too many people, and where human values, quality of
life and also survival of the human race are in question, mainly due to the
visible danger of the negative and perhaps non-reversible effects of climate
change, one of the most imperative questions that afflict thinking people is
'what kind of Democracy and what kind of Mass Media prevail today'?
Do the people (Demos) really prevail, that is, the opinion of the majority?
And if so, how is that opinion shaped? Are citizens really informed or manipulated
by Mass Media? Is Orwell and the followers of conspiracy theories increasingly
verified? Do fake news, fake journalists, fake experts and fake
representatives or fake city/ State leaders dominate?
years (from 462 BC to 322 BC in Attica) resulting in the creation of culturefor
example, anything that is freely provided to all citizens and results in their
well-being.
In Athens, when Democracy was prevailing, justice, philosophy, theatre,
poetry, games, applied arts etc. and the principles of all sciences, were available
freely to all citizens for the first time.
The modern "representative" (or parliamentary) Democracy differs greatly
from direct Democracy. For this reason, as a practical development and an
improved version of the representative Democracy, the participatory Democracy
is preferred these days.
In the last 200 years or so with the spread of typography and the global
prevalence of the 3rd industrial revolution (electricity, electronics, telecommunications,
information technology, internet, etc.) the media has emerged
evolutionarily, which today, at the beginning of the 4th industrial re-startion
(Robotics, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, nanotechnology, Blockchain,
drones, 5G etc.) play a dominant role in people's everyday life.
In today's age, of speed, of insufficient leisure as well as tranquility, peace,
joy and happiness for too many people, and where human values, quality of
life and also survival of the human race are in question, mainly due to the
visible danger of the negative and perhaps non-reversible effects of climate
change, one of the most imperative questions that afflict thinking people is
'what kind of Democracy and what kind of Mass Media prevail today'?
Do the people (Demos) really prevail, that is, the opinion of the majority?
And if so, how is that opinion shaped? Are citizens really informed or manipulated
by Mass Media? Is Orwell and the followers of conspiracy theories increasingly
verified? Do fake news, fake journalists, fake experts and fake
representatives or fake city/ State leaders dominate?
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