Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14279/14065
Title: Role of the Anion on the Transport and Structure of Organic Mixed Conductors
Authors: Cendra, Camila 
Giovannitti, Alexander 
Savva, Achilleas 
Venkatraman, Vishak 
McCulloch, Iain 
Salleo, Alberto 
Inal, Sahika 
Rivnay, Jonathan 
Major Field of Science: Engineering and Technology
Field Category: Mechanical Engineering
Keywords: Bioelectronics;Doping;Organic mixed conductors;Structure–property relationships
Issue Date: 1-Feb-2019
Source: Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, vol. 29, no. 5
Volume: 29
Issue: 5
Journal: Advanced Functional Materials 
Abstract: Organic mixed conductors are increasingly employed in electrochemical devices operating in aqueous solutions that leverage simultaneous transport of ions and electrons. Indeed, their mode of operation relies on changing their doping (oxidation) state by the migration of ions to compensate for electronic charges. Nevertheless, the structural and morphological changes that organic mixed conductors experience when ions and water penetrate the material are not fully understood. Through a combination of electrochemical, gravimetric, and structural characterization, the effects of water and anions with a hydrophilic conjugated polymer are elucidated. Using a series of sodium-ion aqueous salts of varying anion size, hydration shells, and acidity, the links between the nature of the anion and the transport and structural properties of the polymer are systematically studied. Upon doping, ions intercalate in the crystallites, permanently modifying the lattice spacings, and residual water swells the film. The polymer, however, maintains electrochemical reversibility. The performance of electrochemical transistors reveals that doping with larger, less hydrated, anions increases their transconductance but decreases switching speed. This study highlights the complexity of electrolyte-mixed conductor interactions and advances materials design, emphasizing the coupled role of polymer and electrolyte (solvent and ion) in device performance.
ISSN: 1616301X
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201807034
Rights: © WILEY
Type: Article
Affiliation : Northwestern University 
Stanford University 
Imperial College London 
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology 
Northwestern University 
Cyprus University of Technology 
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed
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