http://ktisis.cut.ac.cy/handle/10488/4969 Search the Channel search http://ktisis.cut.ac.cy/simple-search http://ktisis.cut.ac.cy/handle/10488/1349 Title: Milk intake in childhood programmed IGF-1 levels in adulthood: 65 year follow-up of the Boyd Orr cohort<br/><br/>Authors: Martin, RM; Holy, J.; Middleton, Nicos; Davey Smith, G.; Gunnell, D.<br/><br/>Description: Presented at the Society for Social Medicine (UK) annual meeting, Sept 2005 http://ktisis.cut.ac.cy/handle/10488/1348 Title: Small-area variation in suicide rates in England & Wales<br/><br/>Authors: Middleton, Nicos; Gunnell, D.; Frankel, S.; Whitley, E.; Dorling, D.<br/><br/>Description: Presented at the joint Society for Social Medicine and International EpidemiologicalAssociation European Group Conference, 2001 http://ktisis.cut.ac.cy/handle/10488/1347 Title: Urban-rural differences in the rise in youth suicide in E&W<br/><br/>Authors: Middleton, Nicos; Gunnell, D.; Frankel, S.; Whitley, E.; Dorling, D.<br/><br/>Description: Presented at the Society for Social Medicine (UK) annual meeting, 2000. Proceedings published in Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health http://ktisis.cut.ac.cy/handle/10488/1346 Title: Explanations for the rise in youth suicides: a European perspective.<br/><br/>Authors: Gunnell, D.; Middleton, Nicos; Frankel, S.; Whitley, E.; Dorling, D.<br/><br/>Abstract: Background—Suicide rates have doubled inmen aged <30 in England and Wales (E&W)since 1970, while in young women rates havedeclined. With the exception of the formerWest Germany many other European countrieshave experienced similar increases inyoung male suicide and elsewhere in Europetrends in female suicide have generallyfollowed those in men.Methods—Using age and gender specificsocial and economic data from four countrieswith different trends in youth suicide—E&W,West Germany, France and Norway—we have investigated whether changeseither in social and economic conditions or inthe lethality of suicide methods underlie thesediffering trends.Results—In young men in E&W, France andNorway suicide rates increased by over 70%between 1970–1990, whereas in West Germany,over the same period, rates declined. Inyoung women, rates decreased in E&W andWest Germany but increased in both Franceand Norway. In all four countries there havebeen reductions in female overdose suicidemortality but in France and Norway thesehave been offset by increased use of othermethods, particularly hanging. Trends inmarkers of social and economic conditionsare broadly similar in the four countries.Between 1970–1990 levels of unemploymentrose steeply in each country. In E&W andFrance the timing of the increase in unemploymentcoincided with the rise in suicide.While divorce rates have also increased markedlyin all four countries, the timing of theserises differs from that for the increases in suicidein all countries except France. Marriagerates declined in all four countries fromaround 1970. Changes in all these risk factorshave been greatest in people aged <30. Thereare no clear differences between the countriesin trends in alcohol consumption or GDP,both of which have increased. Trends inincome inequality show no consistent associationwith suicide trends.Summary—Changes in the social and economicrisk factors examined do not seem toexplain differing trends in youth suicide.Changes in the lethality of methods used forsuicide may have influenced trends inwomen. Further research is required intoreasons for the discordance in suicide trendsin Germany compared with other Europeancountries, explanations are relevant to understandingthe aetiology of suicide and indeveloping preventive strategies. Particularfeatures of Germany in the past 50 years arepostwar reconstruction, changes in its nationalborders and reunification in 1989. It isnotable that similar reductions in youthsuicide occurred in Japan 1970–1990.<br/><br/>Description: Presented at the Society for Social Medicine annual conference 2000. Proccedings published in Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health.